ABSTRACT
Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis [RA] is a chronic and inflammatory disorder which is the major cause of disability in adults. Patient training is a vital aspect of nursing care for people with arthritis aiming to enable them to live as independently as possible. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of the educational program on self-efficacy on women with rheumatoid arthritis
Methods: This study was an open randomized controlled clinical trial during May to July 2013. Women [64 participants] with confirmed RA and a mean +/- SD age of 48.6 +/- 9.83 years were enrolled; they were randomly assigned into intervention and control groups [32 in each group]. The patients in the intervention group participated in a training programs consisting of two 30-minute sessions per week for 8 consecutive weeks. Data were collected by using Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale [ASES] and demographic questionnaire. ASES questionnaire was filled in three times by the participants: before, immediately after, and three months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 20, and statistical tests including Chi-square and t-test
Results: The results showed that the mean of self-efficacy scores of the intervention group, immediately and three months after the intervention, significantly enhanced in all dimensions compared with the control group [P<0.001, P<0.001]
Conclusion: It can be concluded that training programs is effective for improving self-efficacy in the patients suffering from RA by raising their awareness towards their disease and methods of adaptation with it. But as to the sustainability of the impact of educational courses on self-efficacy, it seems that more research is required
ABSTRACT
Background: Life review therapy, used as part of a comprehensive therapy plan for increasing the quality of life of the elderly, helps them to resolve their past conflicts, reconstruct their life stories, and accept their present conditions. The present study aimed to explore the effectiveness of life review therapy on the quality of life of the elderly
Methods: The present study was a randomized controlled trial with a pre-posttest design during April to Aug 2014. The study was conducted on 35 members of the elderly day care centers in Shiraz, Iran, that were randomly assigned to two groups [experimental and control]. The subjects in the experimental group attended 8 two-hour sessions of life review therapy. The quality of life of the elderly participants was evaluated before, immediately, one month, and three months after the intervention using the quality of life questionnaire [WHOQOL_BREF]. Data analysis was conducted through SPSS version 22, using statistical tests including Chi-square, repeated measures test and T-test, with the significance level of 0.05
Results: The results of the study showed that life review therapy interventions significantly improved the quality of life of the elderly [P<0.05]. Moreover, group interaction with passage of time was also significant, which indicates that the pattern of changes has been different between the two groups
Conclusion: The findings of the study confirm the research hypotheses, showing that the application of life review is effective and viable. It is recommended that all nursing homes and even the families of the elderly should employ this convenient, inexpensive, quick, and practical method
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Life , Senior Centers , AgedABSTRACT
Aim: This study aimed to assess the effect of telenursing on nutritional behavior and physical activity self-efficacy in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD]
Background: NAFLD is the most common liver disorder, which has a chronic course. Therefore, routine monitoring of these patients by medical staff helps them actively participate in the healing process and promote their self-efficacy
Methods: In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 60 patients were chosen through convenience sampling among patients with NAFLD. After obtaining written informed consents, the participants were randomly divided into an intervention and a control group [each containing 30 subjects]. The participants received diet consultation individually and were taught how to perform physical activities. Telephone intervention was conducted in the intervention group for 12 weeks. The study questionnaires were completed by the participants before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical software
Results: Based on the results, the mean score of nutritional behavior and physical activity self-efficacy increased in the study groups after the intervention. This increase was statistically significant only in the intervention group. Additionally, the two groups were significantly different regarding the mean scores of nutritional behavior and physical activity self-efficacy
Conclusion: Telenursing could improve self-efficacy and physical activity in patients with NAFLD
ABSTRACT
Background: Andropause in men refers to the clinical and biochemical syndrome associated with advanced age and characterized by a deficiency in serum testosterone levels. With the increase in aging male population and life span in Iran and focus on quality of life, andropause will become a major health issue that needs to be addressed in order to prevent disability. The results of some research have shown that there is still low level of knowledge and attitude toward andropause among health professionals. This study aimed at assessing the level of knowledge and attitude of general physicians regarding andropause in 2014
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 402 general physicians in Shiraz. A researcher-made questionnaire was developed for assessing the level of knowledge and attitude of general physicians about andropause. SPSS 18 was used to analyze the data, and descriptive statistics, ANOVA and Pearson correlation were applied for data analysis
Results: The mean score of knowledge and attitude about andropause was 29.4 out of 76 and 35.1 out of 45, respectively. The findings showed a poor level of knowledge and positive attitude toward andropause among general physicians. There was a significant relationship between occupational status and knowledge about andropause [P<0.001]. There was a statistically significant relationship between attitude and demographic characteristics [P<0.05].The correlation between knowledge and attitude toward andropause was not statistically significant [P=0.548]
Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicate the need for designing educational interventions to improve the knowledge and attitude of andropause among general physicians
ABSTRACT
Background: Prostate cancer has been reported as the second leading cause of cancer death among men in 2013. Prevention and early detection of cancer are considered as critical factors in controlling the disease and increasing the survival of patients. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of Health Belief Model [HBM]-based education on knowledge and prostate cancer screening behaviors in a randomized controlled trial
Methods: This study was a non-blinded randomized controlled trial. We enrolled 210 men aged 50-70. Balanced block randomization method was used to randomize the final participants who had inclusion criteria into intervention [n=93] and control [n=87] groups. The participants of the intervention group attended training workshops based on HBM. Data were collected using three questionnaires, i.e. demographic questionnaire, Prostate Cancer Screening-Health Belief Model Scale [PCS-HBMS], and the Knowledge about Prostate Cancer Screening questionnaire, all given before and immediately one month after the intervention
Results: The mean scores of the perceived susceptibility, severity, barriers and benefits increased significantly after the intervention [P>0.05] in the intervention group. In the control group, such a difference was reported only for perceived susceptibility [P>0.05]. The rate of participation in prostate cancer screening in the intervention group increased from 7.5% to 24% and 43.3% one month and three months after the intervention, respectively
Conclusion: Our findings showed that the health education programs designed based on HBM could positively affect prostate cancer preventive behaviors of individuals by improving their knowledge level and leaving positive effects on perceived susceptibility and severity as well as considering the perceived barriers, benefits and health motivations
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Background: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD] is characterized by macro vesicular steatosis in the absence of alcohol. Patients with [NAFLD]need extensive education and support in their treatment. Our aim was to investigate the effect of telenursing on liver enzymes [ALT and AST] in patients with NAFLD
Methods: our study is a randomized controlled clinical trial. In this study, 60 patients were enrolled from patients who referred to subspecialty gastrointestinal clinics affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Specialists confirmed their diseases by ultrasound and laboratory test. Simple randomization, based on random number table, was used to randomize the participants into intervention [N=30] and control [N=30] groups. Patients in both groups received dietary advice from a nutritionist and were trained to perform physical activities. Telephone intervention in the intervention group lasted for 12 weeks, in order to see the effect of follow up on the recommended diet and physical activities given by the specialist, while; the control group subjects were only followed up as usual by their physician
Results: the result of an independent t-test showed that the mean difference of liver Enzymes between the two groups was statistically significant [P<0.001]. The difference of AST and ALT in the intervention and control groups was 18.03, -1.27 and 40.70, 1.52, respectively
Conclusion: we found out that; telenursing could have a positive effect on reduction of liver enzymes [ALT, AST] in patients with NAFLD
ABSTRACT
Background: vision impairment in children is one of the most severe disabilities that cause stress in parents. Therefore, it seems necessary to establish and conduct interventions for controlling parenting stress and preventing its negative consequences. This study aimed to investigate the effect of life skills training [LST] program on parenting stress of mothers with blind children aged 7 to 12 years
Methods: this study was a non-blinded randomized controlled trial. 52 mothers with blind children studying at Shoorideh Shirazi educational complex, Shiraz, Iran in 2013 were enrolled, using census sampling method. Balanced block randomization method was used to allocate the participants to groups. The intervention group participated in an LST program consisting of 5 two-hour sessions per week for 5 consecutive weeks but the control group didn't. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and Parenting Stress Index; they were completed three times by the participants of both groups before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention. Collected data were analyzed using Chi-square, independent t-test and repeated measures analysis of variances [ANOVA]
Results: the LST program could decrease parenting stress in the intervention group mothers [P<0/001]. This statistically significant reduction in the mean scores of parenting stress was observed in both children and parents
Conclusion: LST program could reduce parenting stress in mothers with blind children. Therefore, it can be used as an efficient, cost-effective and simple technique for managing parenting stress in such parents
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Background: Urinary tract infection [UTI] is one of the most common infections seen in all age and both sex groups which frequently occur among adolescent and young women. UTIs are the second most common cause of emergency department attendance for adolescents. Considering the importance of promoting preventive behaviors of UTI, we aimed to evaluate the effect of peer education based on health belief model [HBM] on preventive behaviors of UTI among first-grade high school female students
Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, we recruited 168 first-grade high school girl students who were assigned into intervention [n=84] and control [n=84] groups. Data were collected using an HBM questionnaire which was designed by the researcher based on the review of the literature; before, immediately after and one month after the intervention. A total of 12 students in the intervention groups were selected as peer educator and attended two 2-hour training sessions for one week and were trained by the researcher. Afterwards, the trained peers taught the learned materials to their peers in two 1-hour sessions for two weeks through conferences and question-andanswer sessions. Data were analyzed by SPSS18 using t test and RMANOVA. The significance level was set at <0.05
Results: The results showed that the mean scores of knowledge, HBM constructs and preventive behaviors related to UTI significantly increased in the participants of intervention group immediately after and one month after the intervention.[P<0.001]
Conclusion: Peer education based on HBM seem to promote preventive behaviors related to UTI and reduce the risk of the disease among students
ABSTRACT
Aging and its social-biological process naturally impair the functions of different body organs and cause progressive disabilities in managing personal affairs and performing social roles. Laughter therapy is an important strategy which has been recommended by experts for increasing health promotion in older adults. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of laughter therapy program on public health of senior citizens. In a randomized controlled trial, we enrolled 72 senior citizens aged 60 and over referring to Jahandidegan [Khold-e-Barin] retirement community center in Shiraz, southwest Iran during January to February 2014. The participants were assigned into experimental [N=36] and control [N=36] groups. Data were collected using General Health Questionnaire [GHQ-28] and demographic questionnaire. The participants of experimental group attended a laughter therapy program consisting of two 90-minute sessions per week lasting for 6 weeks. We found a statistically significant correlation between laughter therapy program and factors such as general health [P=0.001], somatic symptoms [P=0.001], insomnia and anxiety [P=0.001]. However, there was no statistically significant correlation among laughter therapy, social dysfunction [P=0.28] and depression [P=0.069]. We concluded that laughter therapy can improve general health and its subscales in elderly people
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged/psychology , Health Services for the Aged , Laughter Therapy/psychology , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Family caregivers usually report the reduction of their life quality due to one of the family member's spinal cord injury. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of psycho-educational interventions on the life quality of the family caregivers of the patients with spinal cord injury. The present randomized controlled trial was conducted on 72 family caregivers who had the primary responsibility of taking care of the patients with spinal cord injury. The participants were randomly divided into intervention [n=36] and control groups [n=36]. The intervention group was involved in 90-minute educational sessions held once a week for four weeks. Both groups completed SF-36 questionnaire before and 2 and 6 weeks after the intervention. Then, the data were analyzed through independent t-test, Chi-square, and repeated measures ANOVA. All the caregivers had low quality of life and the lowest mean score was related to mental health in both groups. After the intervention, various dimensions of life quality had improved in the intervention group's caregivers compared to the control group [P<0.05]. The study results revealed the positive effect of psycho-educational interventions on the life quality of the caregivers of the patients with spinal cord injury. According to the results, the authorities have to pay special attention to the problems of this group and educational interventions have to be continuously followed.
ABSTRACT
Rheumatoid Arthritis [RA] is a systemic and inflammatory disease of unknown etiology which is mostly characterized by inflammation of the synovial joints. Studies have proved that most people with RA avoid doing physical activities due to fear that it may worsen the pain or cause pressure on joints, resulting in decreased muscle strength and ultimately leading to disability of patients. We aimed to investigate the effects of conditioning exercises on the health status and pain in patients suffering from RA. In this randomized controlled clinical trial, we enrolled 66 women with confirmed RA referred to the rheumatology clinic of Hafez hospital, Shiraz, southwest Iran during May-July 2013. Balanced block randomization method was used to randomize the participants into case and control groups [two groups of 33 each].Data were collected using visual analog scale [VAS], Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2 short form [AIMS2-SF], and demographic questionnaire. After obtaining written informed consent, the participants in the case group were asked to participate in conditioning exercise programs including aerobic, isometric, and isotonic exercises and received a training booklet explaining the exercises that they could do at home after the intervention. There was a statistically significant difference between the health status scores of the patients in the case groups before and after the intervention [P=0.001]. The pain score also decreased significantly in the case group compared with the control group after the intervention [P=0.003]. We concluded that physical training programs, especially conditioning exercises, could improve the health status and reduce pain in patients with RA
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Cognitive impairments, which are common problems among the elderly people, account for a wide range of aging disorders. Group reminiscence can be used as a profitable therapeutic method for preventing cognitive-behavioral disorders in older adults. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of group reminiscence on the cognitive status of elderly people. This study was a non-blinded randomized controlled trial. We enrolled 100 elderly people who were under the support of Ilam Welfare Organization, western Iran in 2013. Balanced block randomization method was used to randomize the participants into intervention and control groups. Elderly people in the intervention group participated in a group reminiscence program consisted of two one-hour sessions per week for 8 consecutive weeks. Data were collected using Mini Mental State Examination [MMSE]. The questionnaire was completed four times by the participants; before, immediately after, two and three months after the intervention. The mean +/- SD of cognitive status scores in the intervention group was 24.66 +/- 3.8 which increased to 25.02 +/- 3.67, 25.04 +/- 3.72 and 24.72 +/- 3.66 immediately after, two and three months after the intervention respectively. The results showed that the changes in the mean scores were statistically significant in the intervention group immediately after the intervention [P=0.001] and at second month [P=0.003] follow-ups. However, we found no statistically significant difference in the intervention group at the mentioned time intervals in this regards [P=1.000]. We concluded that continuous programs of group reminiscence could improve cognitive status of elderly population
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Prostate cancer has been reported as the second leading cause of cancer death and the most common cancer diagnosed in men. Since Health Belief Model [HBM] has been intensively used for assessing health beliefs associated with cancer screening behaviors, we aimed to investigate the level of knowledge and health beliefs about prostate cancer screening among retired men. In this descriptive study carried out in 2013, we enrolled 180 men aged 50-70 years who were retired from Shiraz Education Department. Data were collected using three questionnaires including demographic questionnaire, HBM and the Knowledge about Prostate Cancer Screening questionnaires by interviewing the participants. Our findings showed that 95.6% and 85.6% of the interviewees had no experience of digital rectal examination [DRE] and prostatic-specific-antigen [PSA] testing for prostate cancer screening, respectively. 86.1% of men had no knowledge about such screening. 12.7% of the respondents reported good knowledge scores. 74.4% and 90.5% of them had good health motivation and perceived benefits scores, respectively. 81.6% of them revealed intermediate scores for perceived barriers. Moreover, 32.7% and 7.2% of the subjects reported good severity and susceptibility scores, respectively. Developing an assessment based on HBM could be effective in designing and implementing educational programs by helping to identify the needs and priorities of the target population
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Knowledge , Culture , Retirement , Mass Screening , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Falling is a major health threat for the elderly and has a significant impact on their well-being and quality of life. Yet, falls are preventable among the elderly. We sought to determine the effectiveness of an educational intervention in reducing the fear of falling and improving balance among the elderly visiting Jahandidegan center in Shiraz, Iran. A preliminary study was conducted to determine the validity and reliability of the Modified Fall Efficacy Scale [MFES] for the Iranian elderly. Then, 40 individuals, 17 males and 23 females, between 60 and 74 years old were selected for the survey. The inclusion criteria were "MFES" score of less than 8 and Berg Balance Scale [BBS] score of less than 45. After completing the demographic questionnaire, MFES, and BBS, the participants were randomly allocated to the training or control groups. In the training group, each participant took part in one fall prevention class per week for 8 consecutive weeks. On the other hand, the control group received no interventions. BBS and MFES were completed immediately after the intervention. Finally, the data were analyzed using independent sample t-test and Chi-square test. Besides, P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. A statistically significant difference was found between the two groups regarding BBS and MFES mean scores [pre-post 8 weeks] [P<0.001]. The intervention reduced the fear of falling by 26.5% and improved balance by 4.3%. The study results indicated that attending the training classes was effective in decreasing the fear of falling and improving the balance.
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One of the most important functions of nurses, which required preparation and powerful scientific background, skill in decision making and careful attention to drug laws in administration of the drugs to the patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the knowledge and practice of the student nurses about drugs by OSCE method at the end of the third year of their education. In this cross-sectional study, 48 student nurses [45 females and 3 males], with a mean age of 21 years took part in a theoretical exam and 36 of them participated also in a practical exam. A demographic questionnaire including personal details, Over Time working [07], the usage pharmacological sources and the level of encountering different pharmacological methods was used to collect data. Then, a theoretical exam, covering the whole drugs the subjects had learnt during 6 semesters, was taken and after that, 9 routes of drug administration [Suppository, NG tube, PO, SQ, IV, IM, ID, Topical and inhalation] were examined by OSCE Method in 2 consecutive days. The scores were given based on the drug administration check list. The findings showed that encountering students with different routes of drug administration were; Tropical = 93.7%, Inhalation= 31.25%, SUPP= 43.75%, NG= 98%, ID= 6.26%, SQ= 98% IV= 100% PO=100% and IM= 100%. The mean score of theoretical and practical exam were 49.02 and 63.8, respectively. A correlation of 0.32 was obtained between scores of theoretical and practical exam. Since drugs administration requires both pharmacological information and practical skills, special attention should be paid to the theoretical and practical education of student nurses